@PhDThesis{Tavares:2019:ReEcFl,
author = "Tavares, Iane Brito",
title = "Resposta ecohidrol{\'o}gica da floresta inund{\'a}vel {\`a}
seca de 2015/2016 na regi{\~a}o da Ilha do Bananal",
school = "Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)",
year = "2019",
address = "S{\~a}o Jos{\'e} dos Campos",
month = "2019-05-16",
keywords = "Plan{\'{\i}}cie de inunda{\c{c}}{\~a}o, {\'a}reas
{\'u}midas, seca, crescimento da vegeta{\c{c}}{\~a}o,
hidrologia, flood plains, wetlands, drought, vegetation growth,
hydrology.",
abstract = "As {\'a}reas {\'u}midas s{\~a}o amplamente reconhecidas pelos
servi{\c{c}}os ecossist{\^e}micos que fornecem, desempenhando
papel importante nos servi{\c{c}}os de regula{\c{c}}{\~a}o
h{\'{\i}}drica. Existem extensas {\'a}reas sazonalmente
alag{\'a}veis na regi{\~a}o amaz{\^o}nica, que operam como um
eficiente sistema de reten{\c{c}}{\~a}o de {\'a}gua,
controlando e atenuando a altura dos eventos de
inunda{\c{c}}{\~a}o, retendo nutrientes e o fluxo de sedimentos
para os rios. Nessas florestas a composi{\c{c}}{\~a}o da
comunidade arb{\'o}rea {\'e} determinada principalmente pelas
adapta{\c{c}}{\~o}es ao alagamento. No entanto, em um
cen{\'a}rio de mudan{\c{c}}as no regime de
precipita{\c{c}}{\~o}es, o crescimento das {\'a}rvores e as
suas respectivas capacidades de respostas as
altera{\c{c}}{\~o}es ambientais naturais, podem ser afetadas.
Para entender a resposta da floresta a esses eventos, este
trabalho investigou a influ{\^e}ncia das inunda{\c{c}}{\~o}es
sazonais no crescimento das {\'a}rvores em uma {\'a}rea de
transi{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre os biomas Amaz{\^o}nia e Cerrado
(plan{\'{\i}}cie de inunda{\c{c}}{\~a}o do rio Araguaia).
Avaliou-se como esse padr{\~a}o de inunda{\c{c}}{\~a}o
modificou-se no ano de El Niņo Oscila{\c{c}}{\~a}o Sul (ENSO), e
seu efeito no crescimento das {\'a}rvores. Neste trabalho
avaliou-se a rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o entre as vari{\'a}veis
atmosf{\'e}ricas e hidrol{\'o}gicas (ou seja,
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o, temperatura do ar, n{\'{\i}}vel do
len{\c{c}}ol fre{\'a}tico e altura inundada) com o crescimento
do di{\^a}metro das {\'a}rvores entre 2004 e 2017. No mesmo
per{\'{\i}}odo, realizou-se an{\'a}lises
f{\'{\i}}sico-qu{\'{\i}}micas do solo, sendo estimada a
disponibilidade de {\'a}gua no solo e comparadas com os limites
de opera{\c{c}}{\~o}es hidr{\'a}ulicas das {\'a}rvores
(potencial h{\'{\i}}drico foliar e ponto de perda de turgor
foliar). Os resultados mostraram ocorr{\^e}ncia de seca nos anos
hidrol{\'o}gicos 2015/2016 e 2016/2017 em rela{\c{c}}{\~a}o a
climatologia da regi{\~a}o. Em 2015/2016 observou-se um longo
per{\'{\i}}odo de estiagem (com dura{\c{c}}{\~a}o de 6 meses;
precipita{\c{c}}{\~a}o menor que 50 mm), e
diminui{\c{c}}{\~a}o na altura e dura{\c{c}}{\~a}o do
alagamento. O padr{\~a}o de crescimento do tronco das
{\'a}rvores mostrou redu{\c{c}}{\~a}o do incremento no
per{\'{\i}}odo seco e dorm{\^e}ncia (5 meses) e no
per{\'{\i}}odo alagado na floresta sazonalmente alag{\'a}vel na
plan{\'{\i}}cie do rio Araguaia. O impacto do aumento da
dura{\c{c}}{\~a}o da fase seca aparentemente foi maior que do
per{\'{\i}}odo de dorm{\^e}ncia do per{\'{\i}}odo alagado e
suficiente para diminuir a tend{\^e}ncia geral de crescimento. Em
2015/2016 o crescimento anual atingiu cerca de 50% do valor obtido
nos anos climatologicamente normais (2013/2014 e 2014/2015). Parte
desse comportamento foi explicado pela falta de {\'a}gua no solo
(at{\'e} 80 cm de profundidade) em alguns meses do
per{\'{\i}}odo seco. Nesse per{\'{\i}}odo os potenciais
h{\'{\i}}dricos no solo estavam abaixo (muito negativos) do
limite de opera{\c{c}}{\~a}o das {\'a}rvores avaliadas. Para
lidar com o estresse h{\'{\i}}drico na seca (ENSO), algumas
{\'a}rvores provavelmente aumentaram o controle estom{\'a}tico
para manter o turgor foliar elevado. Observou-se tamb{\'e}m que
em geral, a resposta dessa floresta aos efeitos do alagamento e da
seca foi diferente do padr{\~a}o observado nas florestas
sazonalmente alag{\'a}veis da Amaz{\^o}nia Central, o que torna
dif{\'{\i}}cil generalizar e estabelecer cen{\'a}rios mais
conclusivos sobre os impactos das secas extremas no funcionamento
das florestas alag{\'a}veis. Considerando as previs{\~o}es de
aumento das frequ{\^e}ncias e severidade das secas na regi{\~a}o
Amaz{\^o}nica, investiga{\c{c}}{\~o}es sobre as respostas das
{\'a}rvores aos efeitos das secas n{\~a}o devem ser
negligenciados. ABSTRACT: Wetlands are widely recognized for the
ecosystem services they provide, playing an important role in
water regulation services. There are extensive seasonally
floodable areas in the Amazon region which operate as an efficient
water retention system, controlling and attenuating the flood
height, retaining nutrients and the flow of sediments to rivers.
In these forests, tree community composition is determined mainly
by the adaptations to flood. However, in a scenario of changes in
the precipitation regime, tree growth and their ability to respond
to natural environmental changes may be affected. To understand
the response of the forest to these events, this work investigated
the influence of seasonal flooding on tree growth in a transition
area between the Amazon and Cerrado biomes (Araguaia river
floodplain). It was evaluated how this flood pattern changed
during an El Niņo - Southern Oscillation (ENSO) year, and its
effect on tree growth. In this work, the relationship between
atmospheric and hydrological variables (i.e., precipitation, air
temperature, groundwater level and flooded height) were evaluated
with the tree diameter growth between 2004 and 2017. In the same
period, physical and chemical soil analyzes were performed along
with soil water availability and compared to the trees hydraulic
operations limits (leaf water potential and leaf turgor loss
point). The results showed the drought occurrence in the
hydrological years 2015/2016 and 2016/2017 with reference to the
mean climatology of this region. In 2015/2016 a long period of
drought presenting rainfall less than 50 mm (lasting 6 months),
and decreased height and duration of flooding were observed. The
growth trunk pattern of the trees showed a reduction of the
increment during the dry period and an extended dormancy (5
months) in the flooded period in the seasonally flooded forest in
the Araguaia river plain. The impact of the increased dry phase
appeared to be greater than the dormancy during the flooded
period, which was sufficient to decrease the overall growth trend.
In 2015/2016 the annual growth reached about 50% of the value
obtained in climatologically normal years (2013/2014 and
2014/2015). Part of this behavior was explained by the lack of
water in the soil (layers up to 80 cm depth) in some months of the
dry period. During this period, the soil water potential was below
(very negative) the operating limit of the evaluated trees. To
cope with water stress during the ENSO drought, some trees
probably increased stomatal control to keep leaf turgor high. It
was also observed that, in general, the response of this forest to
flood and drought effects was different from the pattern observed
in the seasonally flooded forests of Central Amazonia, which makes
it difficult to generalize and establish more conclusive scenarios
on the impacts of extreme droughts on the functioning of
floodplain forests. Considering the predictions of increased
frequency and severity of droughts in the Amazon region,
researches regarding tree responses to the effects of drought
should not be neglected.",
committee = "von Randow, Celso (presidente) and Borma, Laura de Simone
(orientadora) and Novo, Evlyn M{\'a}rcia Le{\~a}o de Moraes and
Monteiro Junior, Mauro Brum and Rocha, Humberto Ribeiro da and
Collicchio, Erich",
englishtitle = "Ecohydrological response of the floodplain forest to the 2015/2016
drought in the Bananal Island region",
language = "pt",
pages = "147",
ibi = "8JMKD3MGP3W34R/3T7KKLP",
url = "http://urlib.net/ibi/8JMKD3MGP3W34R/3T7KKLP",
targetfile = "publicacao.pdf",
urlaccessdate = "28 abr. 2024"
}